Haematuria in children can be associated with many illnesses, from the benign and self-limiting to the more complex and life-threatening. The most common form of haematuria in children is microscopic haematuria. Visible blood (also termed frank haematuria] is an uncommon, but often very distressing, finding for child and parent. Although the majority of cases are benign or less serious, it is important to identify those patients requiring referral to secondary care for further investigation and management. It is equally important to identify patients for diagnosis and appropriate management in primary care.
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