Section 2 - Answer Case Description A 36-week outborn, late preterm neonate, was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The child had a history of delayed cry at birth and was born to a 28-year-old primigravida. The mother had only one antenatal visit with no documented antenatal sonograms available. Her folic acid and iron supplementation was adequate throughout pregnancy, had no history of antepartum diabetes or eclampsia, or any other peripartum complications. The baby was delivered in a nursing home and referred to our center for neonatal care. A neurosonogram was requested on day 8 of admission to look for evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Clinically, the baby was active, tolerating feeds well with adequate urine output. Neurological examination was unremarkable with no history of seizures. Family history was significant for partial callosal agenesis in the mother which was documented on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan done in her childhood, who otherwise had no neurological deficits. Transcranial ultrasound revealed parallel orientation of disproportionately dilated occipital horns of lateral ventricle [Figure 1] with narrowed, elongated frontal horns, a high riding third ventricle [Figure 2] on coronal images. Midsagittal sections demonstrated perpendicular orientation of sulci [Figure 3] with absent pericallosal artery [Figure 4]. There was no evidence of periventricular flare, caudothalamic groove hemorrhage, or intraventricular hemorrhage.
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