Impact of Regional Quality Assessment of Tinospora cordifolia : A Scientific Perspective for Exploration of Harvest Strategy as a Quality Marker

摘要

The quality of the phytochemicals present in ayurvedic medicinal plants varies depending upon the growth conditions, quality of soils and agricultural practices. The introduction of Q-markers is a more reliable and advance approach for phytochemical assessment of herbal drugs. However, it should be considered initially before harvesting of medicinal plants and focus should be on production of high-yield phytochemicals herbal raw materials. Presently, there is a need to monitor the phytochemical content of an agricultural produce, so that the consumer gets a product of reliable quality. Climate factors, such as day length, rainfall, and temperature, extensively impact the physical and biochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. The present work highlights the different geographical regions, the extraction methods and exploring of phytochemical constituents. Special emphasis is focusing Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia) from three different climatic conditions and screening the potentials markers by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS) for the first time. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate method along with total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Moreover, the identification and interpretation of medicinally important phytoactive compounds of three samples of T. cordifolia (TC-1, TC-2 and TC-3) is done by using the modern analytical tool Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) technique. The maximum concentration of phenolic and flavonoid content was obtained in sample TC-1 49.66 and 61 mg/g respectively, whereas IC50 value in TC-1, TC-2, and TC-3 was observed as 179.08, 168.2, and 256.3 mu g/mL respectively. In GC-MS analysis, a total 145, 166, and 138 peaks were detected in the methanolic extracts of TC-1, TC-2, and TC-3, respectively. Nowadays, it is necessary to go beyond this, and a combination of yield and bioactives as Q-marker should be the focus in agriculture. The present approach could help in developing a harvest strategy or taking remedial measures to obtain qualified medicinal bioactives, especially in different climatic conditions, and predicting the quality markers would aid in decision-making in field management.