Brachistochrone Bowl-Inspired Hybrid Nanogenerator Integrated with Physio-Electrochemical Multisensors for Self-Sustainable Smart Pool Monitoring Systems

摘要

Maintaining clean and fresh pool water requires regular monitoring andtreatment. However, the employed methods are manual, complex, andtime-consuming. Herein, a self-sustainable autonomous smart pool monitoringsystem (SPMS) that can monitor various physio-electrochemicalproperties of the pool water in real-time without requiring external poweris proposed. SPMS includes an electromagnetic generator inspired bythe novel brachistochrone bowl which harvests energy from randommotion (peak power 72 mW at 4 Hz and 0.5 g) and supplies the wirelesstransmission unit and the highly sensitive multifunctional sensor unit(MSU) including pH (?60.71 mV pH~(?1)), temperature (2.5 Ω ℃~(?1)), chloride(0.355 mV ppm~(?1); <250 ppm), conductivity (3.25 × 10~(?5) μS ppm~(?1)), andwave motion (1.27 V Hz?1). The fabricated MSU has adequate sensitivityand accuracy to detect minor variations in the water quality for indoor andoutdoor environments. Finally, the smart pool monitoring application of theSPMS is demonstrated in real-time by acquiring the sensor data and wirelesslytransmitting it to the custom-developed mobile application utilizingharvested energy. Combining energy harvesting and water quality sensing,the free-floating completely isolated SPMS device demonstrates a portable,freestanding, wireless, autonomous, and self-powered pool monitoringsystem for maintaining a hygienic and safe swimming environment.