The purinergic system is defined as a universal regulatory system allowing individual cellular responses to be calibrated and synchronized such that they correspond to the interests of the whole body. The most important purine transmitters – ATP and adenosine – mediate positive and negative modulation of signals in the central and peripheral nervous system, the immune system, and other body systems. The synthesis and release of these transmitters, the rate of their enzymatic metabolism, and the expression of purinergic receptors significantly influence the course of normal physiological and pathological processes, including post-traumatic processes. This review addresses the main components of the purinergic system affecting the development of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury and the possibility of applying correction.
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