Oxidative Stress and Immunopathological Alterations of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(BTX)

摘要

This study's goal was to assess the cat-fish's response to exposure to monoaromatic petroleum hydrocarbons(benzene,toluene,and xylene)and its recovery after exposure using oxidative stress,histo-pathological,and immunological changes as biomark-ers.Four groups:one as control and other three exposed to benzene(0.762 ng/L),toluene(26.614 ng/L),and xylene(89.403 ng/L),respectively,for 30 days and then recovery period for 30 days.The levels of thecortisol,lipid peroxidation,and cytokines(IL-lp,IL-6)increased significantly(p＜0.05)after exposure to benzene and xylene compared to control.Superox-ide dismutase(SOD),total antioxidant capacity(TAC),and acetylcholinstease(Ach)decreased significantly(p＜0.05)in fishes exposed to benzene only compared to control group.While glutathione-S-transferase(GST)did not show any change in different treatment groups compared to control group.The histopatho-logical signs of liver exposed to benzene,toluene,and xylene displayed aggregation of melanomacrophages,congestion of sinusoids,vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes,necrotic area with inflammatory cell infil-tration,and thrombus of central vein.Kidney exposed to benzene,toluene,and xylene showed dilatation of Bowman's space with atrophy of glomerular tuft,lyses of RBCs with mononuclear cell infiltration,multifocal area of hemopoietic tissue necrosis,organized throm-bus with perivascular hemorrhage,focal inflammatory cellular reaction,renal tubular necrosis,and thrombus of blood vessels.Spleen exposed to benzene,toluene,and xylene showed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in white pulp in a mild degree.These lesions appeared to a mild degree or disappeared completely after recovery period to BTX except spleen.In conclusion,monocy-clic aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)are hazardous to fish and the toxicity level was as benzene＞xylene＞toluene even though after recovery period.