Vision impairment and blindness are critical problems worldwide. Major causes of vision loss include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and glaucoma. In order to improve treatment outcomes, multimodal imaging using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography, and fluorescence imaging-guided treatment approaches can be utilized. This review explores novel nanopharmacotherapy treatments for a variety of ocular diseases. In the first section, the use of silicon nanoneedle embedded contact lenses for treatment of ocular angiogenesis including corneal neovascularization (CNV) is investigated. Next, combination chemotherapy and photothermal therapy with gold nanoparticles as drug delivery agents for the treatment of ocular tumors is discussed. Limitations and future applications are addressed.
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