Integrated Spatial Distribution and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Assessment of Ecotoxicological and Health Risks of Sediment Metal Contamination, OEmerli Dam (Istanbul, Turkey)

摘要

The accumulation, distribution, and contamination status of metals in the OEmerli Dam sediments were investigated using ecotoxicological and human health indexes in this study. Identifying potential sources of waste metals in the sediments and assessing ecological risks, principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I_(gco)), contamination factor (CF), potential load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (Er_j), modified hazard classification methods such as quotient (mHQ), toxic units (TUs), toxic risk index (TRI), integrated pollution index (IPI) methods are used. Potential health risks of toxic metals in sediment were designated by modified hazard quotient (mHQ), hazard index (HI), and total lifetime cancer risk (LCR) models. Besides, heavy metal concentrations and calculated index values were evaluated with spatial distribution maps using the IDW technique with GIS software. The average of metal concentrations was put in order as follows: (mg/kg) A1 (74,290.39) ＞Fe (37,767.10)＞Mn (484.20) ＞Zn (180.81)＞Cr(117.26)＞V(108.17)＞Pb(94.76)＞Ni (63.67)＞Cu (53.11)＞Co (15.65)＞As (15.04)＞Sb (1.86) ＞Cd (1.76) ＞Hg (1.30). Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb average values are higher than the earth's crust's average values. According to EFs which is an indicator of anthropogenic inputs, EF_(Cd) (7.34) and EF_(Pb) (5.92) showed moderate-severe enrichment, and EF_(Hg) (4.08) was moderate enrichment. PCA/FA and CA revealed that heavy metal contamination is affected by more than one source of pollution. HQ and HI values for each metal are less than 1 for children and adults. LCR values of Cd, Cr, Pb, and As are lower than the target risk level (1.00E-04). According to this study, more attention should be paid to the comprehensive risk assessment of metals in the sediment ecosystem for both aquatic biota and residents in the vicinity of the OEmerli Dam.