The Relative Atomic Weight of Oxygen in Water and in Air A Discussion of the Atmospheric Distribution of the Oxygen Isotopes and of the Chemical Standard of Atomic Weights

摘要

A difference in the density of water made from atmospheric oxygen plus tank hydrogen and aqueous oxygen plus tank hydrogen is interpreted as indicating that the atomic weight of oxygen in the air is 0.000108 atomic weight units heavier than the oxygen of Lake Michigan water. This observation finds experimental confirmation in the work of several other investigators and can be applied in certain cases to the reinterpretation of already existing data, clarifying several anomalous and inexplicable effects. The difference in atomic weights can be accounted for quantitatively by assuming that an isotopic exchange equilibrium of the type discussed by Urey and Greiff occurs at a temperature of —50°C in the lower regions of the stratosphere. The distribution of oxygen isotopes in the atmosphere is calculated by means of the usual hypsometric equation, but the separation due to gravity is not sufficient to explain quantitatively the excess atomic weight of atmospheric oxygen. The chemical and physical standards of atomic weights are discussed and the proposal is made that a single standard based on the mass of a pure isotope such as protium be adopted.