Predatory impacts of alien decapod Crustacea are predicted by functional responses and explained by differences in metabolic rate

摘要

Alien predators can have large impacts on prey. It is important that we understand, and ideally predict, these impacts. Here, we compare predatory impacts of size-matched decapod crustaceansinvasive alien Eriocheir sinensis and Pacifastacus leniusculus, and native European Austropotamobius pallipesand use this case study to inform methods for impact prediction. We quantify functional responses (FRs) on three macroinvertebrate prey species, examine switching behaviour, and measure metabolic rates as a possible mechanistic explanation for differences in predation. FRs show a consistent pattern: attack coefficients and maximum feeding rates are ordered E. sinensisP. leniusculusA. pallipes for all prey species. Attack coefficients of E. sinensis are up to 6.7 times greater than those of size-matched crayfish and maximum feeding rates up to 3.0 times greater. FR parameters also differ between the invasive and native crayfish, but only up to 2.6 times. We find no evidence of switching behaviour in crayfish but suggestions of negative switching in E. sinensis. Differences in FR parameters are mirrored by differences in routine, but not standard, metabolic rate. Overall, our data predict strong predatory impacts of E. sinensis, even relative to alien P. leniusculus. Strong impacts of P. leniusculus relative to A. pallipes may be driven more by body size or abundance than per capita effect. FRs vary between prey types in line with existing knowledge of impacts, supporting the use of FRs in quantitative, prey-specific impact predictions. MRs could offer a general mechanistic explanation for differences in predatory behaviour and impacts.