Aryl iodide are versatile and useful compounds in organic synthesis, mainly for C-C and C-N bonds formation in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions such as the Suzuki, Heck, Stille and Negishi reactions.Some aryl iodides can be employed for the synthesis of pharmaceutical and bioactive compounds, X-ray contrast agents or radioactive labeled markers in radioimmunoassay. The general procedure for their preparation involves preparation of aryldiazonium salts by the reaction of aryl amines with sodium nitrite at low temperature in aqueous hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, following treatment with iodine or iodide ion; several other procedures have been used recently. Aryl iodides have been prepared in one-pot reaction of diazotization-iodination of amines with HI/KNO2 in DMSO, NaNO2/PTSA/KI in acetonitrile, NaNO2/sulfonated-resin/KI in water, p-TsOH/NaNCVKI in water-paste form and NaNCVwet silica sulfuric acid/KI. However, some of these methods suffer from disadvantages such as the use of expensive reagents, long reaction times, necessity for temperature control, instability of diazonium salts and the use of organic solvents as a reaction medium.
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