Do Frozen Embryo Transfers Modify the Epigenetic Control of Imprinted Genes and Transposable Elements in Newborns Compared With Fresh Embryo Transfers and Natural Conceptions?

摘要

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2021;116:1468–1480) With rapid advancement in assisted reproductive technology (ART) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) including the introduction of frozen embryo transfer, evidence has accumulated that mode of ART could affect placentation and fetal growth from the earliest stages of pregnancy. For instance, higher incidences of placenta accreta, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia have been identified in frozen embryo transfers.