Using light- and electron-microscopic techniques, a quantitative histological study of the rat saphenous nerve has been carried out. The distribution of myelinated fibre diameters was bimodal; while that of the unmyelinated axons was unimodal. The variation of myelin sheath thickness with axon diameter was non-linear; two straight lines were found to fit the data best. The variation of g (axon diameter/total fibre diameter) with total fibre diameter was also nonlinear, being best fitted by two lines – one straight, the other slightly curved. The number of unmyelinated axons per Schwann cell process was examined. The ratio of unmyelinated axons to myelinated fibres was 3.42:
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