USDA reported in May 2022 that public spending on agricultural research and development (R&D) was the largest in China, followed by the European Union, the United States, India, and Brazil (Fuglie and Nelson, 2022). The report emphasized that public expenditures on agricultural R&D in the United States were about a third lower in real terms in 2019 than they had been attheir peak in 2002 when spending, in 2019 dollars, was $7.64 billion.
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