This paper aims to investigate a method for real-time and continuous dynamic torque monitoring of high-speed rotating shafts. By analyzing different existing sensors and measurement methods, a capacitive grid sensor based on dynamic angular displacement detection is proposed. The sensor has a soft membrane shape and is easy to install or disassemble on the rotating shaft. Its mass is very small and will not affect the rotation of the shaft due to installation. There are multiple electrodes on the rotating grid and static grid of the sensor, which can improve the resolution and reduce the inherent error and noise caused by the system. The advantage of this sensor is that it does not require battery power, nor does it need to transmit effective signals containing torque information in a wired or wireless manner. In this paper, the structure design and working principle of the capacitive grids are studied, the dynamic characteristics and edge effects are simulated, and the method to determine the optimal number of electrodes is discussed. Finally, an experimental measurement is performed on the test bench. The results verify the reliability and high performance of the capacitor grid when the shaft rotates at a high speed.
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