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How to measure atomic diffusion processes in the sub-nanometer range

机译:如何测量亚纳米范围内的原子扩散过程

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摘要

Self-diffusion of the atomic constituents in the solid state is a fundamental transport process that controls various materials properties. With established methods of diffusivity determination it is only possible to measure diffusion processes on a length scale down to 10 nm at corresponding diffusivities of 10~(-23) m~2 s~(-1). However, for complex materials like amorphous or nano-structured solids the given values are often not sufficient for a proper characterization. Consequently, it is necessary to detect diffusion length well below 1 nm. Here, we present the method of neutron reflectometry on isotope multilayers. For two model systems, an amorphous semiconductor and an amorphous metallic alloy, the efficiency of this method is demonstrated to detect minimum diffusion lengths of only 0.6-0.7 nm. It is further shown that diffusivities can be derived which are more than two orders of magnitude lower than those obtainable with conventional methods. Prospects of this method in order to solve actual kinetic problems in materials science are given.
机译:原子成分在固态中的自扩散是控制各种材料特性的基本传输过程。使用已建立的扩散率测定方法,只能在相应的扩散率为10~(-23) m~2 s~(-1)的长度尺度上测量小至10 nm的扩散过程。然而,对于复杂的材料,如无定形或纳米结构的固体,给定的值通常不足以进行适当的表征。因此,有必要检测远低于 1 nm 的扩散长度。在这里,我们提出了同位素多层膜上的中子反射测量方法。对于非晶态半导体和非晶态金属合金两种模型系统,该方法的效率仅可检测0.6-0.7 nm的最小扩散长度。进一步表明,可以得出比传统方法低两个数量级以上的扩散率。本文对该方法在解决材料科学中实际动力学问题方面的前景进行了展望。

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