Structural and Functional Adaptive Artificial Bone: Materials, Fabrications, and Properties

摘要

It is an urgent need that defect repair can develop from simple device fixationto living tissue reconstruction, from short life function replacement topermanent regeneration repair. At present, bone transplantation has becomethe second largest transplantation surgery after blood transfusion, andartificial bone transplantation generates great hope for the repair and treatmentof bone defect. In order to repair bone defect, artificial bone must havegood biological properties and sufficient mechanical properties, and it shouldalso have the shape matching to bone defect site and the connected porousstructure. For structures and properties requirements of artificial bone, inthis review three major challenges faced by artificial bone transplantation aresystemtically analyzed and current methods and strategies to address theseissues are discussed: 1) the need for developing a type of bone scaffold materialwith both biological and mechanical properties, 2) the need for realizingthe controllable fabrication of individual shape and multistage pore structureof bone scaffold, 3) the need for realizing the transformation from man-madestructure to biological structure. Besides, it summarizes the advantages anddisadvantages of these methods and discusses the potential future directionsof structural and functional adaptive artificial bone for bone defectregeneration.