The neural circuitry of mood and behavior is a complex and evolving science. Animal models, as well as clinical, neurophysiolog-ic and neuroimaging studies, implicate the subgenual cingulate gyrus (SCG) as having a major role in the etiology and maintenance of dysfunctional mood. The literature points to structures that indicate that the SCG is involved in major depressive disorder (MDD), with a potential modulatory role for SCG. Establishing the circuitry underlying depression promotes a better understanding of its mechanisms and phenomenology but also suggests neu-roanatomic structures that may be suitable for targeted surgical disruption.
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