MODE OF IMMUNITY AGAINST VIRUS AND MICROBES

摘要

Viruses are a main cause of disease worldwide and many are without effective therapeutics or vaccines. The immune system has developed to protect the host from a universe of pathogenic microbes that are themselves constantly evolving. The immune system also helps the host eliminate toxic or allergenic substances that enter through mucosal surfaces, pathogen infection are recognized by the immune system, which consists of two types of responses: an innate immune response and an antigen specific adaptive immune response. Viral infection induces an extensive array of defence mechanism in the host. Innate defences come into play to block or inhibit initial infection, to protect cells from infection, or to eliminate virus-infected cells, and occur well before the onset of adaptive immunity. In the present paper, we review the importance of the main component involved in the innate immune response, such as different cell types, inflammatory response, soluble immune mediators and effect or mechanisms exerted by the immune response against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites; all with purpose of eliminating them and eradicating the infection of the host.