Laparoscopic surgerysol;endourology

摘要

Several minimally invasive techinques are available for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. There are advantages to each and the optimum therapy has yet to be determined. The implications of an associated crossing vessel are controversial and yet to be elucidated. Ureteroscopy can manage many problems in the urinary tract, including 97% of distal ureteral stones. The scope of urologic laparoscopy continues to expand, although not the number of people performing it.