SummaryThirty-one patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused byLeishmania infantumreceived liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in a multi-centre study. Ten immunocompetent patients (six children) received 1–1.38 mg/kg/day for 21 days, and ten (nine children) received 3 mg/kg/day for 10 days. All were cured without significant adverse events and without relapse during 12–24 months of follow-up. Eleven immunocompromised adults, including seven co-infected with HIV (four with AIDS) received 100mg (1.38–1.85 mg/kg) daily for 21 days. All were initially considered cured, but eight relapsed clinically and parasitologically at 3–22 months. Liposomal amphotericin B is a new, safe and effective drug for the treatmen
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