The review presents current data on cellular communication in the binary host–microbiota system. Microbial communication systems are widely spread in the bacterial realm and resemble those characteristic of eukaryotic multicellular organisms Microorganism engage in an ongoing dialogue with hpst cells and perform a plethora of functions in the composite superorganism. Literature data and the authors' own studies indicate the important role of catecholamines (biogenic amines), both in intra- and interspecific microbial communication and in the bidirectional microbiota-host dialog. The importance of this dialog for the maintenance of human health, psyche and social behavior, as well as the possibility of the creation of new drugs with targeted neurochemical effects, are discussed.
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