Swarm Intelligence based methods are amongst the highly efficient approaches for optimization in image clustering. Optimal clustering has been studied in many real-world applications, such as medical and aer-ial image segmentation. Region wise clustering is a class of challenges in image region segmentation. Uncertain convergence and high computational load are critical issues in the region-wise image cluster-ing due to local optimum and the NP-hard cluster computation. Meta-heuristics approaches are efficient to achieve global optimum by including better search space exploration techniques. This paper develops a framework for cluster optimization by selecting the seeds in pathological medical resonance (MR) images using a variant of firefly optimization. The heuristics based method uses Gaussian random walk for convergence that occasionally results in local optima; therefore, we have investigated the firefly method with more search space exploration techniques and improved region-wise objective. Our frame-work applies the levy flights for exploration and compared with other search spaces like Cauchy, and Gaussian random walk. The intra-cluster and inter-cluster-based hybrid objective is converged swiftly. The framework has been compared with two of its variants and three other meta-heuristic-based meth-ods, namely simulated annealing, PSO, and Cuckoo search. The MSE, PSNR, structural similarity(SSIM), and feature similarity(FSIM) based evaluation indices are measured for normal and abnormal MR images and listed in table-5, 6. Reported indices values for our frame work are better than existing methods. Figure-9, 10, 11 compares the stochastic search spaces among Levy flights, Cauchy random walk, Gaussian random walk and observed Levy flights as better search space. In section-3.5, The convergence for proposed framework is shown for multi-objective function against the single objective in two normal and abnormal images. Single objective converged from 188 to 119 and multi-objective converged from 196 to 117 for first image. For second image, the single objective converged from 168 to 94 and multi -objective converged from 183 to 93. Finally, we have illustrated the convergence criteria and computa-tion complexity on publicly available MR data sets.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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