Stage II seminoma is responsive to chemo- or radiotherapy with a progression-free survival of 87–95% at 5 years but at the cost of short- and long-term toxicity. After evidence about these long-term morbidities emerged, four surgical cohorts investigating the role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) as a treatment option for stage II disease were initiated. Currently, two RPLND series have been published as a complete report, while data from other series have only been published as congress abstracts. In series without adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence rates ranged from 13% to 30% after follow-ups of 21–32 months. In those receiving RPLND and adjuvant chemotherapy, the recurrence rate was 6% after a mean follow-up of 51 months. Across all trials, recurrent disease was treated with systemic chemotherapy (22/25), surgery (2/25), and radiotherapy (1/25). The rate of pN0 disease after RPLND varied between 4% and 19%. Postoperative complications were reported in 2–12%, while antegrade ejaculation was maintained in 88–95% of patients. Median length of stay ranged from 1 to 6 days. In men with clinical stage II seminoma, RPLND is a safe and promising treatment option. Further research is needed to determine the risk of relapse and to personalize treatment options based on patient-specific risk factors.
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