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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, D. Atmospheres: JGR >Future Winter Precipitation Decreases Associated With the North Atlantic Warming Hole and Reduced Convection
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Future Winter Precipitation Decreases Associated With the North Atlantic Warming Hole and Reduced Convection

机译:Future Winter Precipitation Decreases Associated With the North Atlantic Warming Hole and Reduced Convection

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Abstract Climate projections in the North Atlantic region suffer from great uncertainties, and projections of precipitation are given with a large spread. Some of this uncertainty is related to projections of the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH). The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) projects a relatively strong and extensive NAWH, with future sea surface cooling extending to Northern Scandinavia. This study investigates the relatively large winter precipitation decrease projected by CESM2 in the northeastern North Atlantic region, reinforced in a regional model. Three future scenarios from CESM2 are dynamically downscaled with the Weather Research and Forecast model. A methodology to separate convective and orographic from stratiform precipitation is applied to explore the physical mechanisms. Changes in stratiform precipitation closely relate to storm‐track changes, which varies between the scenarios. Convective precipitation decreases by up to 50% over the Norwegian Sea at the end of the century, which is robust across the scenarios. This is explained by the underlying reduced sea surface temperatures of the NAWH, leading to reduced evaporation and reduced convective activity and intensity. The orographic precipitation maximum over the Scandinavian mountains is shifted upstream, likely affected by increased static stability and flow blocking, which also relates to the NAWH. This shift is possibly also explained by more frequent rain versus snow, as well as reduced cross‐barrier wind speeds. This study contributes to highlight the importance of focusing future research efforts on the NAWH, in order to constrain future climate projections in this region.
机译:摘要在北大西洋气候预测地区遭受巨大的不确定性预测降水给出的大的传播。北大西洋气候变暖的预测的洞(NAWH)。2 (CESM2)项目相对强劲广泛NAWH,未来的海洋表面冷却扩展到斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部。调查了相对较大的冬天降水减少CESM2预计的北大西洋地区东北部,钢筋一个区域模型。CESM2与天气动态缩减规模研究和预测模型。单独的对流和地形层状降水应用探索的物理机制。降水与风暴作业密切相关之间的变化,不同场景。对流降水减少50%在挪威海在本世纪末,整个场景是健壮的。解释为底层的海面NAWH的温度,从而减少了蒸发和对流活动和减少强度。斯堪的纳维亚山脉的转移上游,可能受到静态增加稳定性和流阻塞,也有关NAWH。解释更频繁的雨和雪,风速以及减少交叉作业障碍。研究有助于突出的重要性未来的研究工作关注NAWH,为了限制未来气候预测这个地区。

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