Endophytic and rhizospheric microbial communities associated with native and introduced cultivated plant species in Uruguay as sources for plant growth promotion bioinoculant development

摘要

The plant holobiont is the sum of the plant and the biological communities that live in and on it. In particular, the plant microbiota is the set of fungal and bacterial communities associated with plants. Different microbiotas are defined by the plant compartments, including the rhizospheric, endophytic, and epiphytic. These plant-microbiota interactions are strong determinants of plant holobiont growth, health, and productivity, and those beneficial microorganisms involved in these processes are known as plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM). The characteristics of the PGPM highlight their potential for biotechnological use in agriculture as bioinputs (biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biostimulants) as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of chemical inputs in agricultural technology packages. The Uruguayan economy is based mainly on livestock and agricultural production. In agricultural systems, the technological packages used imply in most cases the administration of large amounts of chemical inputs. These activities cause serious environmental and economic problems in the country, highlighting the need to develop new and more sustainable agricultural practices. It is in this context where PGPM play a fundamental role. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microbiota associated with cultivated and non-cultivated (including native and introduced) plant species grown in Uruguay. In particular, it will focus on the description of the research related to the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial as well as mycorrhizal interactions, as potential sources for bioinputs development.