Essay: Characteristics of Helsinki, the birthplace of MasS and suggestions for Japan (Helsinki, Finland)

摘要

The concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), which is recently attracting attention, originated in the capitol of Finland, Helsinki. Public transportation in Helsinki is well developed; the city has subways, trams (Light Rail Transit), buses, ferries, and bicycle sharing. These modes of public transportation are managed and operated by the Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL) and Helsinki City Transport (HKL). Public transportation in Helsinki is centrally controlled and is treated as social capital, as it is elsewhere in Europe.