Flow cytometry analysis (FCM) in the diagnosis of leukemia and lymphoma is an essential test for determining the immunophenotype, differentiation stage, and clonality of hematopoietic tumor cells. Although histopathological diagnosis is the most important for the diagnosis of lymphoma, the disease often progresses rapidly; the identification of tumor cells by FCM contributes to a rapid diagnosis. FCM can be performed if cell suspensions can be prepared, and may be conducted using chest and ascites fluid, pericardial fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, spinal fluid, and vitreous fluid. Especially in spinal fluid and vitreous humor; the amount of specimen collected and the number of cells are often small, so it is important to share the disease type with the treating physician, as well as to measure the number of cells, select antibodies based on morphological evaluation, and conduct accurate gating. In this article, we will introduce the process of FCM of body cavity fluid at our hospital and present two cases in which FCM of spinal fluid and ascites was useful in determining the treatment plan. [Review]
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