Neurodevelopmental Disorder in a Child with High Intellectual Potential: Contribution of an Integrative Neuropsychomotor Standardized Assessment, Neuropsychological, and Eye-Tracking in a Single-Case Study

摘要

Objectives High intellectual potential (HIP) is not a protective factor neurodevelopmental disorder, particularly when the visuo-spatial (VSI) and possessing speed index (PSI) are significantly lower than verbal comprehension index (VCI) on WISC-V scale. We aimed to better understand the significance of the IQ profile heterogeneous in HIP, with the hypothesis that some neurodevelopmental disorders could explain this. Methods In this observational analytical study, we present data from a single case of a girl aged 6 years and 3 months old, and assessed HIP with a heterogeneous profile on the WISC-VFR. Pluridisciplinary investigations were used: neuropsychological, neuropsychomotor, neurovisual, and oculomotor assessments. Results The WISC-VFR scale showed a heterogeneous profile with 41 points of dissociation between high (VCI) and less scale (PSI), General Ability Index = 136. The selective auditory attention was normal, but selective visual attention was low (standard deviation = —1.15). Visual gnosis and discrimination were impaired for age. The mathematical abilities were impaired (SD = -2.25). Regarding neuromotor functions, we noted an axis tone hypotonia (-3.35 SD), with synkinesis and difficulties in dynamic balance (SD = -2.83), and in ideomotor praxis (SD = -3.02). Oculomotor recorded yielded the numerous micro-slides and micro-oscillations in fixation with a saccadic smooth pursuit. Conclusions The findings showed that the HIP with a very heterogeneous IQ profile can conceal neurodevelopmental disorders with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and different learning disabilities. The main brain implications were discussed. Moreover, our original clinical approach in the neuromotor field is to use a digital standardized developmental neuropsychomotor battery and eye-tracking, allowing clinicians to avoid scoring error bias and save considerable time for important clinical data.