Experimental study on active control of refrigerant emergency spray cooling of thermal abnormal power battery

摘要

The technology of the electric vehicle battery overheating and its thermal runaway prevention is becoming research hotspots. This paper proposes an active control method of refrigerant spray to inhibit heat and combustion in thermal accidents. The rapid cooling, suppression of oxygen and flame of the battery module are achieved through the collaborative active control of the spray nozzle and the venting port. The research is carried out with the intermittent spray mode of the refrigerant under the conditions of overall overheating and local overheating. The cooling characteristics and combustion blocking ability of the battery in three typical active control modes of the venting port are compared and analyzed. Studies indicate that the active control of the venting port can effectively prevent the dissipation of the cold energy of the gasified refrigerant in both the case of overall overheating and local overheating, which significantly enhances the cooling capacity, uniformity of temperature change and oxygen suppression effect of the emergency spray cooling compared with that without the active control. In all, the proposed method can further improve the safety of electric vehicles, and win more time for passengers to escape in thermal accidents.