Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (epsilon, Phi(f), tau(s)) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) - Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis

摘要

Tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) are widely used benchmark molecules in diverse photochemical studies given facile synthetic access, rich visible-region spectra, and broad structural analogy to chlorophylls. Yet the literature values for each key photophysical parameter the molar absorption coefficient (epsilon), fluorescence quantum yield (Phi(f)), and also singlet excited-state lifetime (tau(S)) - vary over an astonishing range. Here, a comprehensive literature review (similar to 1940-September 2020) encompassing 871 publications is reported for these essential parameters. Each parameter is determined by measurement with distinct instrumentation and suffers idiosyncratic sources of error. The best values for H2TPP are epsilon = 460,000 cm(-1)center dot M-1, Phi(f) = 0.090, and tau(S) = 12.8 ns in Ar- purged toluene (Phi(f) = 0.070, tau(S) = 9.9 ns in toluene in air); the best values for ZnTPP are epsilon = 560,000 cm(-1) center dot M-1, Phi(f) = 0.030, and tau(S) = 2.1 ns in Ar-purged toluene (Phi(f) = 0.029, tau(S) = 2.0 ns in toluene in air). The choice of values for such parameters has far-reaching consequences in photochemistry ranging from fluorescence (or Forster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes to assessments of molecular brightness. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.