Performance of Pacific White Shrimp Reared in an Integrated Multitrophic Biofloc System with Gracilaria Seaweed

摘要

aquaculture production can increase waste discharge and effluent nutrients concentration, generating environmental and social challenges (Troell era/. 2009). In biofloc systems, 65 percent of the phosphorus and 61 percent of the nitrogen in feed are not recovered in shrimp biomass (Silva et al. 2013). Intensive systems with zero or minimal water exchange produce large amounts of sludge (11.3-15.1 kg/m2) (Coyle etal. 2011), biochemical oxygen demand (31-48 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (321-478 mg/L) (Mishra et al. 2008), total suspended solids (403-800 mg/L) and volatile suspended solids (215-450 mg/L) (Vinatea et al. 2010). An appropriate combination of fish or shrimp with bioremediating organisms is necessary for environmental and economic balance to occur. Integrated multi-trophic systems represent a strategy to minimize waste of nitrogenand phosphorus, reduce the possibility of disease outbreaks, and reduce environmental problems (Ren et al. 2012, Lander et al. 2013). The selection of species in a multitrophic system should consider the functions that each organism plays in the ecosystem and its economic potential.