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Synchronous fruiting and common seed dispersers of two endemic columnar cacti in the Caatinga, a dry forest in Brazil

机译:在凯撒中的两种地方柱状仙人掌的同步果实和常见种子分散器,巴西干旱森林

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This study evaluates the fruiting phenology, fruit traits, and seed dispersal in two Pilosocereus (Cactaceae) species that are widely distributed in Caatinga vegetation. We monitored the fruiting phenology of Pilosocereus gounellei and Pilosocereus chrysostele on a monthly basis for a period of 4 years (45 months from March 2009 to November 2012), including 30 individuals of each species. We also carried out focal observations, captured dispersers, and conducted germination tests, to identify the effective seed dispersers of these species. Both species exhibited sub-annual fruiting patterns and high fruiting synchrony index (O (jk) 0.62), with peaks occurring from February to May for P. gounellei and February to April for P. chrysostele. In all, 248 visits by seven bird and two lizard species were recorded for P. gounellei, and 104 visits by five bird species were recorded for P. chrysostele. The two species shared five seed dispersers. The finch Lanio pileatus was the most frequently visiting bird species. The number of visits to the fruits of P. gounellei was higher than to the fruits of P. chrysostele. Passage of seeds through the digestive tracts of all bird species significantly increased the germination rate for P. chrysostele, whereas for P. gounellei, the birds Forpus xanthopterygius and L. pileatus decreased germination rates. Sub-annual fruiting patterns, similar fruit morphology, and high synchronous fruiting are factors that favor resource sharing among the dispersers of Pilosocereus in the Caatinga.
机译:本研究评估了广泛分布在卡廷加植被中的两种毛果菊属植物(仙人掌科)的果实物候、果实性状和种子传播。在4年的时间里(2009年3月至2012年11月的45个月),我们每月监测一次gounellei Pilosocereus和chrysostele Pilosocereus的果实物候,包括每个物种的30个个体。我们还进行了重点观察,捕获分散剂,并进行了发芽试验,以确定这些物种的有效种子分散剂。这两个物种都表现出次年的结果模式和高的结果同步指数(O(jk)0.62),其峰值出现在2月至5月的古内莱P.和2月至4月的金黄色P.之间。共记录了七种鸟类和两种蜥蜴对P.gounellei的248次访问,以及五种鸟类对P.chrysostele的104次访问。这两个物种共有五个种子散布器。燕雀是最常到访的鸟类。参观古内莱葡萄果实的次数高于金黄葡萄果实。种子通过所有鸟类的消化道显著提高了金黄色假丝酵母菌的发芽率,而对于古内莱假丝酵母菌,黄翅飞虱和毛耳飞虱降低了发芽率。亚年度结果模式、相似的果实形态和高度同步的结果是有利于卡廷加毛果菌散布者之间资源共享的因素。

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