Reduced graphene oxide-melamine formaldehyde as a highly efficient platform for needle trap microextraction of volatile organic compounds

摘要

A superhydrophobic extractive phase was prepared and packed in a needle trap microextraction device for extraction of volatile organic compounds, followed by their determination by gas chromatography. The super-hydrophobic phase was prepared by surface modification of melamine formaldehyde (MF) sponge embedded by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The overall properties of the modified MF along with its high sorption capacity and low cost fabrication were indicative of its feasibility to be highly suitable for extraction of organic pollutants. The determined water contact angle (>150 degrees) from the surface of melamine formaldehyde-reduced graphene oxide (MF-rGO) revealed its high affinity toward organic species. A one-at-the-time optimization strategy was employed to optimize influential parameters affecting sorbent preparation, extraction and desorption processes. After optimization of experimental parameters, figures of merit, including the limits of detection of 0.2-1.5 mu g L-1 limits of quantification of 0.8-5.0 mu g L-1 and linear dynamic range of 1-400 mu g L-1 with R-2 higher than 0.99 were obtained. The relative standard deviations (at two different concentration levels of 20 and 200 mu g L-1) are less than 19% (n = 3). The applicability of method using MF-rGO was examined by the determination of chlorobenzenes in three different real water samples which led to relative recoveries of 80-119%. Also, analytical results obtained from the current work are quite competitive with the relevant reported works while greater enrichment factor values are achieved by MF-rGO composite (660-1518).