Summary of Recommendations The USPSTF recommends screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture in pregnant persons. B recommendation. The USPSTF recommends against screening for symptomatic bacteriuria in nonpregnant adults (Table 1). D recommendation. Introduction Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine of a person without signs or symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Among the general adult population, women (across all ages) have the highest prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, although rates increase with age among both men and women. The reported prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria ranges from 1% to 6% among premenopausal women to 22% among women older than 90 years. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is present in an estimated 2% to 10% of pregnant women. The condition is rare in men. During pregnancy, physiologic changes that affect the urinary tract increase the risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis (a urinary tract infection in which one or both kidneys become infected). Pyelonephritis is one of the most common nonobstetric reasons for hospitalization in pregnant women. Pyelonephritis is associated with perinatal complications, including septicemia, respiratory distress, low birth weight, and spontaneous preterm birth.
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