PM 7/87 (2) Ditylenchus destructor and Ditylenchus dipsaci

摘要

Among the more than 80 species currently recognized in the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936, only a few are parasites of higher plants, such as D. destructor, D. dipsaci and Ditylenchus gigas, while the majority of species are myco-phagous. Ditylenchus destructor (potato tuber nematode, potato rot nematode) is recorded from all continents, mainly from temperate regions. The known host range comprises more than 100 species of plants from a wide variety of families. Economically important crops are Solarium tuberosum. Iris spp., Tulipa spp., Dahlia spp., Gladiolus spp., Rheum rhabarbarum, Trifolium spp., Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota. Some weeds (e.g. Cirsium arvense, Mentha arvensis, Potentilla anserine, Rumex acetosella and Stachys palustris (Andersson, 1971)) can also be hosts and can act as sources of infection to crop plants. Ditylenchus destructor is also capable of reproducing on the mycelium of many fungi (Namjou et al, 2013). The nematode attackssubterranean parts of plants (tubers, stolons, bulbs, rhizomes, roots), but may occasionally also invade above-ground parts, mainly the base of the stem. Ditylenchus destructor is able to withstand desiccation, but not to the extent that D. dipsaci doesand unlike this species it does not clump together in the cryptobiotic state to form 'nematode wool' when the plant begins to dry. Ditylenchus destructor, however, is capable of surviving low temperatures and overwinters as eggs, which gives this species' eggs some advantage over D. dipsaci.