Prospects for development of fruit growing in southern Russia.

摘要

Zoning of territories and development of techniques and programmes for estimating soil, climatic and operational conditions related to a particular landscape need to play a major part in the development of orchards in the south of Russia. Two systems of intensive orchard operation are suggested: highly productive (technological) and highly adaptive. The highly productive system is characterized by early maturing cultivars with high potential productivity (apple cultivars Red Melba, Gala, Golden Delicious, Jonagold and others), use of rootstocks, and high density planting. Highly adaptive orchards are characterized by cultivars highly resistant to biological pathogens and stress factors of a particular zone, such as frost, drought, critical pH, low levels of mineral nutrition (apple cultivars Slava pobeditelyam, Prima, Florina, Granny Smith and others). In order to increase productivity of orchards, a system of monitoring and management of production process which could introduce flexible control over the production process by varying growth parameters, such as use of fertilizer to manage the amount of surviving fertilized ovaries on an apple tree, is recommended.