Scleroscopy and Its Possibility in Complex Revealing of Features of Allocation of Units of Structure, Their Mechanical Characteristics and Size Parameters

摘要

In a given work, the peculiarities of scratch-width changes and microhardness over the structures of iron, steels 40 and 40X are studied by the scratch method. As shown, this method is sensitive to both high-angle and substructural boundaries in a single-phase structure of iron and allows determining the sizes of structural elements and peculiarities of hardening depending on acting relaxation mechanisms. There is revealed connection of character of scratch-width change (its cyclic recurrence) in steels 40 and 40X after different heat treatments with size parameters of structure elements (grains of ferrite, pearlite, austenite, martensite packages, and carbides) and with carbon distribution. As mentioned, the structures in both single-phase and multiphase states demonstrate their tendency to the cyclic recurrence of deformation strengthening in the conditions of scratching in accordance with a step of measurement. It shows the ability of structures for formation of corresponding schemes of contact spots in conditions of microdeformation under friction. Their level of deformation resistance depends on the presence and distribution of carbon as a result of heat treatment.