Gene constitutions of the Japanese native ducks of the Naki Ahiru (Puddle duck) and the Aokubi Ahiru (Japanese Mallard duck) and their phylogenetic relationships among the Asian native ducks.

摘要

Japanese native ducks of the Aokubi Ahiru (Japanese Mallard duck) and the Naki Ahiru (Puddle duck) types were compared with other Asian native ducks from Indonesia, Vietnam, China and Taiwan on the basis of gene frequencies of ten loci controlling blood protein polymorphisms. The proteins and loci were plasma esterase-1 (Es-1), plasma esterase-3 (Es-3), erythrocyte esterase-4 (Es-4), erythrocyte esterase-D2 (Es-D2), plasma postalbumin-1 (Pa-1), erythrocyte acid phosphatase-2 (Acp-2), plasma leucineaminopeptidase-2 (LAP-2), plasma post transferrin-1 (Ptf-1) and plasma postalbumin-4 (Pa-4). The protein polymorphisms were analyzed by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis or horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the Naki Ahiru, the frequencies of Pa-1B and LAP-2A were higher and the frequencies of Ptf-1B and Es-4A were lower than in the other Asian native ducks. In the Aokubi Ahiru, the frequency of LAP-2A was higher and the frequencies of PHIA and Es-4A were lower than in the other Asian native ducks. A dendrogram was drawn using the unweighted pair-group method on the basis of Nei's genetic distances among the populations of ducks. The Aokubi Ahiru and the Naki Ahiru were located in a cluster with the Pekin, the White Tsaiya, the Kairyo Osaka and the mallards captured in Japan. This cluster was genetically distinct from the Indonesian native ducks and the Khaki Campbell as well as the Vietnamese native ducks. The results support the hypothesis that the Aokubi Ahiru might be descendedfrom ducks imported from China during the Edo period. The Naki Ahiru was located near to the Pekin and the mallard in the cluster. A three-dimension scatter diagram based on the first three principal components showed a similar result for the relationship among the populations of ducks to the dendrogram.