Plants of anthropogenic and natural habitats along the railway under construction (Southern Yamal)

摘要

A comparison of the species composition of the vegetation on anthropogenically disturbed and undisturbed natural sites near the station 143 km (Southern Yamal) was made. Total numbers of vascular plants, mosses and lichens collected in 1995 on the studied area are 169, 80, and 88 species respectively. Of them 50 percent (including cryptogams) are able to colonize anthropogenic habitats. 30 species of vascular plants were found only in natural habitats, and 14 species were recorded exclusively in anthropogenically disturbed areas. 125 vascular species grow both on disturbed and undisturbed sites. A new approach to estimate species share in plant communities was tested. The actual role of the same species in anthropogenic communities and naturaltundras was compared. Dominant species of pioneer communities differ sharply from those of the tundra. Species that are common and widespread on disturbed habitats had low abundance in natural tundra. Anthropogenic vegetation differs considerably from undisturbed tundra in that the total plant cover decreases, lichens are absent, moss composition is different, herbs (graminoids especially) predominate. Restoration potential of aboriginal flora is determined by the studied area location in the vicinityof the Polar Urals, which is the source of many mountain species that are added to local flora. These species also invade anthropogenically disturbed sites with stony substrates.