Synoptic‐to‐planetary scale wind variability enhances phytoplankton biomass at ocean fronts

Whitt D. B.; Taylor J. R.; Lévy M.

摘要

Abstract >In nutrient‐limited conditions, phytoplankton growth at fronts is enhanced by winds, which drive upward nutrient fluxes via enhanced turbulent mixing and upwelling. Hence, depth‐integrated phytoplankton biomass can be 10 times greater at isolated fronts. Using theory and two‐dimensional simulations with a coupled physical‐biogeochemical ocean model, this paper builds conceptual understanding of the physical processes driving upward nutrient fluxes at fronts forced by unsteady winds with timescales of 4–16 days. The largest vertical nutrient fluxes occur when the surface mixing layer penetrates the nutricline, which fuels phytoplankton in the mixed layer. At a front, mixed layer deepening depends on the magnitude and direction of the wind stress, cross‐front variations in buoyancy and velocity at the surface, and potential vorticity at the base of the mixed layer, which itself depends on past wind events. Consequently, mixing layers are deeper and more intermittent in time at fronts than outside fronts. Moreover, mixing can decouple in time from the wind stress, even without other sources of physical variability. Wind‐driven upwelling also enhances depth‐integrated phytoplankton biomass at fronts; when the mixed layer remains shallower than the nutricline, this results in enhanced subsurface phytoplankton. Oscillatory along‐front winds induce both oscillatory and mean upwelling. The mean effect of oscillatory vertical motion is to transiently increase subsurface phytoplankton over days to weeks, whereas slower mean upwelling sustains this increase over weeks to months. Taken together, these results emphasize that wind‐driven phytoplankton growth is both spatially and temporally intermittent and depends on a diverse combination of physical processes. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><abstract xmlns =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> 在营养有限的条件下，朝前的浮游植物的生长由风增强，通过增强的湍流混合和升值驱动向上营养通量。因此，在隔离的前沿，深度综合的浮游植物生物质可以是较高的10倍。使用理论和二维模拟与耦合的物理生物地球化学海洋模型，本文建立了对在不稳定的风中驾驶向上营养通量的物理过程的概念理解，其迫使不稳定的风力为4-16天。当表面混合层穿透营养线时，发生最大的垂直营养助液，该营养线燃料在混合层中的浮游植物。在前面，混合层加深取决于风力应力的大小和方向，表面浮力的横向变化和表面的速度，以及混合层底部的潜在涡度，其本身取决于过去的风力事件。因此，混合层在前面的时间更深刻，更频繁地在外部前沿。此外，即使没有其他物理变异性来源，混合也可以及时脱离风力应力。风力驱动的升值还增强了前方的深度综合的浮游植物生物量;当混合层仍然比营养线浅时，这导致增强的地下浮游植物。沿前风振荡诱导振荡和平均升值。振荡垂直运动的平均效果是几天至周瞬时增加了地下浮游植物，而较慢的平均升高持续时间超过数周至数月。总之，这些结果强调风力驱动的浮游植物生长在空间和时间间歇性，依赖于物理过程的各种组合。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-34643/'>《Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第6期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共32页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Whitt D. B.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Whitt D. B.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Taylor J. R.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Taylor J. R.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lévy M.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lévy M.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridge UK;</p> <p>Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics Centre for Mathematical SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridge UK;</p> <p>Sorbonne Universités (UPMC Univ Paris 06)‐CNRS‐IRD‐MNHN LOCEAN IPSLParis France;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ekman buoyancy flux&option=203" rel="nofollow">Ekman buoyancy flux;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=fronts&option=203" rel="nofollow">fronts;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Ekman pumping&option=203" rel="nofollow">Ekman pumping;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=atmosphere‐ocean interaction&option=203" rel="nofollow">atmosphere‐ocean interaction;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=nutrient fluxes&option=203" rel="nofollow">nutrient fluxes;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=primary production&option=203" rel="nofollow">primary production;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：ekman浮力助焊剂;前面;ekman泵送;大气 - 海洋互动;营养助体;初级生产; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704025580090.html">Synoptic-to-planetary scale wind variability enhances phytoplankton biomass at ocean fronts</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=D. 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href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=赵艳玲&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 赵艳玲</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=邓冰&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,邓冰</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=张铭&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,张铭</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-38484/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 海洋科学进展 </a> </span> <span> . 2012</span><span>,第003期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-conference-cn_meeting-38834_thesis/020221658050.html">南海大尺度风场、上层海洋热含量及海流之初步探讨</a> <b>[C]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=唐存勇&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 唐存勇</a> <span> <a href="/conference-cn-38834/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 中国及邻近海域海洋科学讨论会 </a> <span> <span> . -1</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-domestic_mphd_thesis/020313748595.html">海洋浮游植物细胞体积和表面积模型及其转换生物量</a> <b>[A] </b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=孙军&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 孙军</a> <span> . 2004</span> </span> </div> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/061202856143.html">探测海洋浮游植物生物量和POC的激光雷达装置及方法</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN105486664B </span> <span> . 2018.04.20</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06120107975735.html">探测海洋浮游植物生物量和POC的激光雷达装置及方法</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 中国专利： CN105486664A </span> <span> . 2016-04-13</span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a 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auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用于个人计算机的控制台显示器，在前面板的正面设有刻度显示窗口 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130441384603.html">Console display for personal computer, has scale display window provided in front face of front plate</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  DE20314931U1 </span> <span> . 2003-12-11</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：用于个人计算机的控制台显示器，在前面板的正面设有刻度显示窗口 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div 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