Improving Estimation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Using Radium and Radon Tracers: Application in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Zhang Yan; Li Hailong; Xiao Kai; Wang Xuejing; Lu Xiaoting; Zhang Meng; An An; Qu Wenjing; Wan Li; Zheng Chunmiao; Wang Xusheng; Jiang Xiaowei

摘要

Abstract > Radium and radon mass balance models have been widely used to quantify submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the coastal areas. However, the losses of radium or radon in seawater caused by recirculated saline groundwater discharge (RSGD) are ignored in most of the previous studies for tracer‐based models and this can lead to an underestimation of SGD. Here we present an improved method which considers the losses of tracers caused by RSGD to enhance accuracy in estimating SGD and SGD‐associated material loadings. Theoretical analysis indicates that neglecting the losses of tracers induced by RSGD would underestimate the SGD by a percentage approximately equaling the tracer activity ratio of nearshore seawater to groundwater. The data analysis of previous typical case studies shows that the existing old models underestimated the SGD by 1.9–93%, with an average of 32.2%. The method is applied in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), North China, which is experiencing significant environmental pollution. The SGD flux into JZB estimated by the improved method is ～1.44 and 1.34 times of that estimated by the old method for 226 Ra mass balance model and 228 Ra mass balance model, respectively. Both SGD and RSGD fluxes are significantly higher than the discharge rate of Dagu River (the largest one running into JZB). The fluxes of nutrients and metals through SGD are comparable to or even higher than those from local rivers, which indicates that SGD is an important source of chemicals into JZB and has important impact on marine ecological system. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“main”> <标题类型=“main”>摘录</标题> >镭和氡气质量模型已被广泛用于量化沿海地区的潜艇地下水排放（SGD）。然而，在基于特拉克的模型的大多数研究中，在以前的大多数研究中忽略了海水中镭或氡的损失，这对于基于示踪的模型，这可能导致低估SGD。在这里，我们提出了一种改进的方法，其考虑了RSGD引起的示踪剂的损失，以提高估计SGD和SGD相关材料负载的准确性。理论分析表明，忽略了RSGD诱导的示踪剂的损失将低于SGD的百分比大约等于近岸海水到地下水的示踪剂活性比。先前典型案例研究的数据分析表明，现有的旧模型低估了SGD的1.9-93％，平均为32.2％。该方法适用于华北胶州湾（JZB），正在经历重大的环境污染。通过改进方法估计的JZB的SGD通量是〜1.44和1.44和1.34倍，旧方法估计为 226 </ sup> Ra质量平衡模型和 228 </ sup> Ra质量平衡模型，分别。 SGD和RSGD助熔剂均显着高于大沽河的排放率（跑步为JZB的最大）。通过SGD的营养素和金属的助焊剂可与来自当地河流的营养素相当，这表明SGD是JZB中的化学品的重要来源，对海洋生态系统具有重要影响。 </ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-34643/'>《Journal of Geophysical Research, C. Oceans: JGR》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2017年第10期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共15页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zhang Yan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zhang Yan;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Li Hailong&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Li Hailong;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Xiao Kai&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Xiao Kai;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wang Xuejing&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wang Xuejing;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lu Xiaoting&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lu Xiaoting;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zhang Meng&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zhang Meng;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=An An&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">An An;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Qu Wenjing&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Qu Wenjing;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wan Li&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wan Li;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Zheng Chunmiao&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Zheng Chunmiao;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Wang Xusheng&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Wang Xusheng;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jiang Xiaowei&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Jiang Xiaowei;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental GeologyChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution ControlSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution ControlSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> <p>MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and EnvironmentChina University of Geosciences‐BeijingBeijing China;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=radium and radon&option=203" rel="nofollow">radium and radon;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=submarine groundwater discharge&option=203" rel="nofollow">submarine groundwater discharge;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=recirculated saline groundwater discharge&option=203" rel="nofollow">recirculated saline groundwater discharge;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=material loadings&option=203" rel="nofollow">material loadings;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Jiaozhou Bay&option=203" rel="nofollow">Jiaozhou Bay;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：镭和氡;潜艇地下水排放;再循环盐水地下水排放;材料载荷;胶州湾; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704020651889.html">Improving Estimation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Using Radium and Radon Tracers: 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