Neogene Epeirogeny of Iberia

摘要

The origin of Iberia's topography is examined by combining gravity, magmatic, topographic, and seismological observations with geomorphic considerations. We have four principal results. First, the highest coherence between free-air gravity and topography is at wavelengths less than or similar to 250km where admittance indicates that elastic thickness of Iberia's plate is 203km. These results imply that flexural and subplate support of Iberian topography could be expressed at wavelengths of O(100)km. Second, P-to-S receiver functions and simple isostatic calculations indicate that while crustal thickness variations and flexural loading (e.g., as a result of plate shortening) partially explain the elevation of Pyrenean, Betics, Cantabrian, Spanish Central System, and Iberian Chain topography, they fail to explain the elevation of large parts of Iberia. Third, a new full waveform shear wave tomographic model and velocity to temperature conversions suggest that the asthenosphere beneath Iberia is anomalously slow and has excess temperatures of up to 16214 degrees C. Simple isostatic calculations indicate asthenospheric support of topography of up to 1km. Neogene-Recent (approximate to 23-0Ma) extrusive magmatism (e.g., Calatrava, Catalan) sit atop many of the slow shear wave velocity anomalies. Finally, biostratigraphic data, combined with inversion of 3,217 river profiles, show that most of Iberia's topography grew during the last approximate to 30Ma at rates of up to 0.3mm/year. Best-fitting theoretical rivers have a low residual root-mean-square misfit (=0.96) and calculated uplift is consistent with an independent inventory of stratigraphic and biostratigraphic observations. We suggest that Neogene-Recent growth of most of central Iberia's topography was a result of asthenospheric support.