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Circumcising human subjects: An evaluation of experimental foreskin amputation using the Declaration of Helsinki

机译：人类受试者的割礼：使用赫尔辛基宣言评估实验前包皮截肢

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Abstract > This paper explores ethical considerations for active studies of circumcision, i.e., the amputation of the foreskin, in the form of a case study of three major trials performed in African countries in the early 2000s. The paper outlines the function of the foreskin and method and history of its amputation as well as its current use in attempting to combat the global <fc>AIDS</fc> crisis. These trials are then interrogated in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. In particular, the irreversible nature of amputation is given great consideration. The case studies are found to have serious failures in terms of the modern iteration of the Declaration of Helsinki. This paper calls for extreme scrutiny in accordance with international norms relating to the ethical treatment of human subjects in a research context of studies of circumcision if and when they are proposed again. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“Main”XML：ID =“Bioe12566-Abs-Abs-0001”XML：Lang =“En”> <标题类型=“main”>抽象</ title> > 本文探讨了割礼的主动研究的道德考虑，即包皮的截肢，以2000年代初的非洲国家在非洲国家进行的三项重大试验的形式。本文概述了包皮和截肢的方法和历史的函数以及目前在试图打击全球时使用的功能 <FC> AIDS </ FC> 危机。然后根据赫尔辛基宣言询问这些试验。特别是，截肢的不可逆转性质是很好的考虑。在赫尔辛基宣言的现代迭代方面，发现案例研究具有严重的失败。本文要求根据与人类受试者的伦理治疗在割礼的研究范围内的国际规范中，如果何时以及何时提出。 </ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-14793/'>《Bioethics》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2019年第3期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共6页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Drash Michael&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Drash Michael;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Independent Scholar;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/15.html" title="生物科学">生物科学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=AIDS&option=203" rel="nofollow">AIDS;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=amputation&option=203" rel="nofollow">amputation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=circumcision&option=203" rel="nofollow">circumcision;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=experimentation&option=203" rel="nofollow">experimentation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=foreskin&option=203" rel="nofollow">foreskin;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=human subjects&option=203" rel="nofollow">human subjects;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：艾滋病;截肢;割礼;实验;包皮;人类受试者; </div> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">入库时间</span> <span>2022-08-19 22:53:49</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704021837709.html">Circumcising human subjects: An evaluation of experimental foreskin amputation using the Declaration of Helsinki</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Drash Michael&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Drash Michael </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-14793/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Bioethics .</a> <span>2019</span><span>,第3期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：人类受试者的割礼：使用赫尔辛基宣言评估实验前包皮截肢</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704019363315.html">World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-33408/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association .</a> <span>2013</span><span>,第20期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：世界医学会赫尔辛基宣言：涉及人体的医学研究的伦理原则</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/07040264677.html">World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> </a> <a href="/journal-foreign-15026/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Biotechnology Law Report .</a> <span>2001</span><span>,第1期</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: 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BR112015019502A2 </span> <span> . 2017-07-18</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：确定人类受试者是否患有间质性肺病或有发生间质性肺病的风险的方法;监测人类受试者间质性肺疾病进展的方法;评估人类受试者间质性肺疾病治疗效果的方法;用于预测人类受试者对间质性肺疾病的治疗反应的测定系统;预测，诊断或预测间质性肺疾病的试剂盒;和体外复合物 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>4. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130479867619.html">system for the measurement of parameters of human interaction between subjects (subject - subject within families or groups.subject - experimental in measure of relational parameters), through the detection of change in the mutual influence.intended to provide factual information on the behavior of memb</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  IT7902131D0 </span> <span> . 1979-09-11</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：通过检测相互影响的变化来测量受试者之间的人类互动参数的系统（受试者-家庭或群体内的受试者。受试者-关系参数的实验）。旨在提供有关肢体行为的事实信息 </span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/patent-detail/06130417816717.html">Method for complex phaloplasty using circumcised foreskin as autograft</a> <b>[P]</b> . <span> 外国专利：  US8715162B2 </span> <span> . 2014-05-06</span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：包皮环切术作为自体植骨的复杂植体成形方法 </span> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="theme cardcommon" style="overflow: auto;display:none"> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent55">相关主题</h3> <ul id="subject"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right rightcon"> <div class="details_img cardcommon clearfix" style="margin-bottom: 10px;display:none;" > </div> </div> </div> <div id="thesis_get_original1" class="downloadBth" style="bottom: 19px;z-index: 999;" 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