INVASION OF THE HARLEQUIN LADYBIRD, HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE), TO SOUTHEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

摘要

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas 1773), is one of the most famous invasive beetles in the world. A map of 105 findings of H. axyridis in Western Siberia, Kazakhstan, and northwestern China was compiled based on the examination of museum collections (about 1000 specimens) and analysis of literature data. Southeastern Kazakhstan is not a part of the native range of the species. The history of the species expansion to southeastern Kazakhstan was reconstructed. At the end of the nineteenth century and in the first half of the twentieth century, H. axyridis was recorded in the Kazakhstan Altai, but it was not recorded in other regions of Kazakhstan. In the early 1960s and 1976 this species was found southwards - in the floodplains of the Ayaguz and Aksu rivers. Later on, H. axyridis was recorded further south - in the Zailiiskii Alatau. There, in the vicinity of Almaty, it became a common species. The coloration of imago and genetic data indicate that the harlequin ladybird has dispersed to the Zailiiskii Alatau from Kazakhstan Altai or Western Siberia. There is a large Balkhash desert between the border of the native range and the Zailiiskii Alatau. The beetles could not disperse through this desert by themselves. The locations and dates of the findings indicate that an invasion corridor is the railway.