PID is an acute, polymicrobial infection of the upper female genital tract. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common organisms initiating PID Endogenous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the vaginal flora are also implicated in causing PID by ascending from the vagina and cervix along the endometrium to infect the fallopian tubes. Micro-organisms isolated from the fallopian tubes with acute PID have included: o Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Streptococcus sp., Staphy-lococcus sp., Haemophilus sp., Escherichia coli Bacteroides sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Pepto-coccus sp., Clostridium sp., Actinomyces sp. Acute PID comprises an intense inflammatory process that can manifest as endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis, peritonitis, perihepatitis, and/or tubo-ovarian abscess. Serious consequences of PID include infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, or tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) formation.
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