Technological advances, miniaturization of instruments, and the introduction and.popularization of robotics have all contributed to an almost exponential boom in the indications for laparoscopic procedures performed in pediatric urology. Although procedures such as laparoscopic nephrectomy and exploration of nonpalpable testes have become routine reference standards of management, other more complex reconstructive procedures are being explored and evaluated as pediatric urologists get more comfortable with laparoscopic surgery.
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