Submucosal bulking agents for treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women have experienced several cycles of popularity. However, the search for the perfect bulking agent and injection technique remains elusive. Ideal materials would be easy to administer, biocompatible, nonabsorbable, durable, nonmigra-tory, and easy to produce at relatively low cost. The ideal technique would permit consistent administration with adequate urethral lumen tissue coaptation. It should be minimally invasive, easy to learn and replicate, produce consistent results, and be applicable to the outpatient clinical setting in a wide variety of subjects.
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