The incidence of end-stage renal disease continues to increase worldwide, and thus it is not surprising that the number of renal transplants performed over the past decade has steadily increased. Although the immunosuppressive agents administered after renal transplantation have changed over the past 2 decades, the overall effects are the same-suppression of the native immune system from attacking the new, foreign organ. However, an unwanted side effect is suppressed immune system that may harbor an increased susceptibility to cancers. Previous investigators have reported an increase incidence of de novo malignancies after renal transplantation, with only 2% of these malignancies involving the genitourinary tract that is approximately 2-15 times higher than the incidence of genitourinary tract tumors in the general population. In the above study, the overall incidence of genitourinary tumors was 3.1%, with a mean age of 60 + 8.3 years at the time of cancer diagnosis. Prostate cancer and renal carcinoma can be treated in a manner similar to the the general population.
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