Melamine-contaminated milk formula consumption led to the formation of a special type of urolithiasis in infants and children called "melamine-related urinary calculi" (MRUC). The most common composition of these stones has been uric acid, and oral or intravenous alkalization therapy was successful in many cases. In the present study, the authors observed failure of alkalization therapy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in some cases. They performed a comprehensive stone analysis using a Fourier transform infrared stone composition analyzer for qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis of the stone uric acid levels and stone calcium levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and flame atomic absorption spectrum, respectively. They reached a new and interesting finding that, with increasing child age, the stone uric acid levels decrease and the stone calcium levels increase. Therefore, in children with MRUC who are >2 years old, surgical intervention is suggested as the treatment of choice.
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